Research Article

Pre-service teachers’ reflections on their role in the community-based reading program initiative in Olongapo City: Insights, challenges, and growth

Kristoffer Paul C. Obispo 1 , John Mark R. Asio 1 * , Dante P. Sardina 1 , Alyssa Nicole Suero 1
More Detail
1 Gordon College, Olongapo City, PHILIPPINES* Corresponding Author
International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning, 8(1), 2026, e2603, https://doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/17775
Submitted: 07 September 2025, Published: 22 January 2026
OPEN ACCESS   28 Views   10 Downloads
Download Full Text (PDF)

ABSTRACT

To become an effective teacher, one must understand the role of the community in forging a conducive learning environment for children. This case study examined the experiences of 21 pre-service teachers who were purposively selected to participate in a reading program initiated by a local higher educational institution in the Philippines. The program was generally implemented during the first semester of the 2024-2025 academic year as part of their community-based action research initiative. Utilizing a qualitative research design, the study employed a researcher-developed semi-structured interview questionnaire to gather rich insights from the participants. Data analysis follows a thematic analysis approach, explicitly using the Braun and Clarke (2006) method, to identify and interpret patterns within the narratives shared by the pre-service teachers. The study revealed five prominent themes: the program’s impact on student literacy and engagement; the implementation of innovative and diverse teaching strategies; pre-service teacher growth and professional development; challenges faced in teaching and adaptability; and the role of community building and social impact within the program. These findings highlight the multifaceted impact of the reading program on both the pre-service teachers and the student community. The study highlights the importance of immersive educational initiatives in shaping teaching practices, promoting professional growth, and improving student learning outcomes, while also emphasizing the need to address challenges to ensure effective program implementation and community engagement.

CITATION (APA)

Obispo, K. P. C., Asio, J. M. R., Sardina, D. P., & Suero, A. N. (2026). Pre-service teachers’ reflections on their role in the community-based reading program initiative in Olongapo City: Insights, challenges, and growth. International Journal of Professional Development, Learners and Learning, 8(1), e2603. https://doi.org/10.30935/ijpdll/17775

REFERENCES

  1. Adarlo, G., & Pelias, M. F. T. (2021). Teaching and learning with others: Situated encounters in service learning among pre-service teachers. Asia-Pacific Journal of Teacher Education, 49(2), 177-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359866X.2020.1789910
  2. Aguillon, H. Q. (2024). Teaching practices for full refresher readers by primary grade teachers: Foundation for enhanced reading program. International Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Science, 7(4), 22-51. https://doi.org/10.54922/IJEHSS.2024.0750
  3. Arciosa, R. M., Perfecio, J., & Cerado, E. C. (2022). Community extension: Literacy and numeracy enhancement program for alternative learning system and out-of-school youth learners. ASEAN Journal for Science Education, 1(2), 75-80. https://ejournal.bumipublikasinusantara.id/index.php/ajsed/article/view/103
  4. Borines, M. T. E. L., & Marasigan, A. C. (2024). Theorizing Filipino pedagogical beliefs: Narratives of pre-service elementary teachers’ before and after teaching immersion. British Journal of Teacher Education and Pedagogy, 3(1), 45-57. https://doi.org/10.32996/bjtep.2024.3.1.5
  5. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  6. Briceño, A., & Rodriguez-Mojica, C. (2022). “It made me see what kind of teacher I want to be:” Critical literacy in a pre-service literacy methods course. Action in Teacher Education, 44(4), 290-307. https://doi.org/10.1080/01626620.2022.2108162
  7. Ciampa, K., & Gallagher, T. L. (2021). Exploring Canadian and American pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy and knowledge of literacy instruction. Teaching Education, 32(2), 127-141. https://doi.org/10.1080/10476210.2019.1658925
  8. Comia, M., Labine, B. M., Carolino, C., Torno, E. M., Valenton, K., De Guzman, L., Dela Fuente, S. K., & Rivera, K. (2024). Field study experiences of pre-service teachers in the Philippines. Edukasiana: Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan, 3(4), 479-494. https://doi.org/10.56916/ejip.v3i4.935
  9. Curiel, L.C., Ojha, L. P., Zang, L., & Chen, M. (2024). “The best way to get to know a student is to know their community”: Fostering pre-service teachers’ critical multilingual language awareness through linguistic community walks. International Multilingual Research Journal, 18(3), 232-253. https://doi.org/10.1080/19313152.2024.2326701
  10. Dayalo, E. D., & Potato, E. D. (2024). Gawad Kalinga: An assessment of the community extension program. Pantao Journal, 3(4), 27-31. https://doi.org/10.69651/PIJHSS030406
  11. De la Rama, K., Dilag, C., Galimba, D., & Palma, N. (2021). College of teacher education community extension activities: An impact assessment. Himal-Us: Guimaras State University Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 13(1), 31-38. https://journals.gsu.edu.ph/himal-us/article/view/87
  12. del Valle, J. L., Quilapio, L., Decena, D. M., Taumatorgo, J., & Badiola, M. L. T. (2023). Service learning during lockdown: A school-university rural community outreach partnership in the Philippines. In D. Acquaro, & O. J. Bradbury (Eds.), International perspectives on school-university partnerships: Research, policy and practice (pp. 41-54). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-99-0807-3_4
  13. Estacio, R. D. (2025). Self-efficacy of early childhood education pre-service teachers after the Tara, Basa! Tutoring program of the department of social welfare and development (DSWD). International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, 9(5), 6125-6140. https://doi.org/10.47772/IJRISS.2025.905000477
  14. Frank, C. M. L., & Bogard, T. (2022). Developing cultural competencies in pre-service teachers through humanity-centered design and community-based learning. International Journal of Educational Reform, 31(2), 187-201. https://doi.org/10.1177/10567879211030485
  15. Fuego, M. R. B., & de Leon, R. C. A. (2025). A thematic analysis of pre-service teachers’ reflection on designing and implementing behavioral interventions. Reflective Practice: International and Multidisciplinary Perspectives, 26(4), 602-613. https://doi.org/10.1080/14623943.2025.2494315
  16. Ho, E. C., & Yan, X. (2021). Using community of practice to characterize collaborative essay prompt writing and its role in developing language assessment literacy for pre-service language teachers. System, 101, Article 102569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.system.2021.102569
  17. Johnson, E., & Keane, K. (2023). Challenges and successes of learning to teach critical literacy in elementary classes: The experiences of pre-service teachers. Teaching and Teacher Education, 125, Article 104037. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2023.104037
  18. Landreth, S. J., & Wilson, T. (2023). Exploring the impact of a literacy-based service-learning project on pre-service teachers. Journal of Community Engagement and Higher Education, 15(1), 37-47. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/372784085
  19. Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1986). But is it rigorous? Trustworthiness and authenticity in naturalistic evaluation. New Directions for Program Evaluation, 1986(30), 73-84. https://doi.org/10.1002/ev.1427
  20. Paguio, D. P., Gadia, E. D., Sardina, D. P., Geniza, G. N., & Amarille, A. T. M. (2025). Empowering communities through reading literacy: A community-based action research on Gordon College’s reading program initiative in Olongapo City. Asian Journal of Community Services, 4(1), 35-46. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v4i1.13175
  21. Priya, A. (2021). Case study methodology of qualitative research: Key attributes and navigating the conundrums in its application. Sociological Bulletin, 70(1), 94-110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0038022920970318
  22. Santos, R. D. (2023). Influence of pre and in-service training programs of the kindergarten teachers in the implementation of the kindergarten curriculum. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research, 51(1), 16-33. https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v51i1.696
  23. Sardina, D., Bohol, S., Magrata, B., Naval, M., & Sultan, S. (2025). The project boomerang: Evaluating factors and challenges in learner’s reading performance. Asian Journal of Community Services, 4(1), 47-64. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v4i1.12007
  24. Tabuenca Cuevas, M., & Fernández Molina, J. (2022). Fostering literacy: Pre-primary pre-service teachers’ reading habits and literature knowledge. Porta Linguarum An International Journal of Foreign Language Teaching and Learning, (Special Issue), 151-165. https://doi.org/10.30827/portalin.vi.26689
  25. Valenzuela, C. L., & Sardina, D. (2024). Project ready: Encounters and challenges of English pre-service teachers. Asian Journal of Community Services, 3(3), 317-326. https://doi.org/10.55927/ajcs.v3i3.8123
  26. Wells, M. S. (2021). Preparing teachers during a pandemic: Virtual practicum in an undergraduate literacy course. Teacher Educators’ Journal, 14, 61-82. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1296543
  27. William, B., Olamide, T., & Dami, F. (2025). The role of teacher competence and training in enhancing literacy proficiency in Philippine public schools. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/388174889